Politicians, businessmen and a former member of the Italian secret services were also convicted, showing the deep level of collusion between the Calabrian \u2019Ndrangheta mafia and white-collar elements of the economy and the state.<\/p>\n
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Officials listen as judges read the verdicts of a maxi-trial of hundreds of people accused of membership in Italy\u2019s \u2019Ndrangheta organised crime syndicate.<\/span>Credit: <\/span>AP<\/cite><\/p>\n \u201cThe infiltration of the criminal organisation in the province of Vibo Valentia was so deep-rooted and so widespread, so alarming, so disturbing that there was no aspect of the social and economic fabric of the province that was not conditioned by \u2026 this dangerous criminal organisation,\u201d said Vincenzo Capomolla, a deputy chief prosecutor from Calabria.<\/p>\n It took a panel of three judges an hour and 40 minutes to read out the sentences against more than 330 defendants, who had been on trial since January 2021 accused of a wide range of crimes, from murder and arms trafficking to extortion, loan sharking, drug trafficking and money laundering.<\/p>\n Prosecutors had asked for prison sentences totalling 4744 years. About 130 defendants were acquitted.<\/p>\n The long-running trial offered unparalleled insight into the workings of the \u2019Ndrangheta, a word derived from Greek which means \u201csociety of men of honour\u201d.<\/p>\n Members of the \u2019Ndrangheta were arrested all over the world and sent to Italy, including these two (centre) in Paraguay.<\/span>Credit: <\/span>AP<\/cite><\/p>\n The judges were told how mafiosi would intimidate rivals or victims of extortion by dumping goat heads, dead puppies and, on one occasion, a dead dolphin on their doorstep.<\/p>\n The court heard how ambulances were used to transport drugs, council water supplies were diverted to irrigate fields of marijuana and weapons were hidden in cemeteries.<\/p>\n The defendants boasted a colourful assortment of nicknames, from The Wolf and The Musician to Fatty, Shorty, Sweety, Mimmo the Baron and Giuseppe the Stick.<\/p>\n Among those found guilty was a former lieutenant colonel in Italy\u2019s paramilitary police force, the Carabinieri, and a former MP from Forza Italia, the centre-right party that was founded by the late Silvio Berlusconi.<\/p>\n The politician, Giancarlo Pittelli, a lawyer and a Mason, was sentenced to 11 years behind bars.<\/p>\n About a dozen mafia dons were given prison sentences of up to 30 years.<\/p>\n They included Pasquale Bonavota, who was on the list of Italy\u2019s most dangerous fugitives and who received a jail sentence of 28 years.<\/p>\n The investigation was spearheaded by Italy\u2019s best-known prosecutor, Nicola Gratteri, who has lived under police protection for three decades.<\/p>\n \u201cToday\u2019s ruling means a whole province of Calabria has been liberated from the top brass of the criminal group,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n Chief Prosecutor Nicola Gratteri, who has lived under police protection for decades.<\/span>Credit: <\/span>Nine<\/cite><\/p>\n In the courtroom to see the sentences delivered was Rocco Mangiardi, 67, a local businessman and one of the first to denounce the \u2019Ndrangheta for extortion, in 2009.<\/p>\n Mangiardi, who has lived under police protection ever since, lamented the low turnout for the trial\u2019s most important moment.<\/p>\n \u201cThis courtroom should be filled with citizens,\u201d he said. \u201cTo show the judges that we\u2019re on their side and then to tell the mafiosi with their presence: \u2018We don\u2019t want you\u2019.\u201d<\/p>\n The trial was so big that a special courthouse had to be constructed inside a former call centre in Lamezia Terme, a town in Calabria, the southern region which has been the \u2019Ndrangheta\u2019s stronghold for nearly two centuries.<\/p>\n The court complex was large enough to accommodate not just the defendants, but hundreds of prosecutors, defence lawyers, court officials and journalists.<\/p>\n The trial stemmed from raids conducted by elite police units in December 2019 in which about 300 suspects were arrested, not just in Italy but also in Germany, Switzerland and Bulgaria.<\/p>\n The operation involved a specialist, helicopter-borne Carabinieri regiment called the Cacciatori \u2013 the Hunters.<\/p>\n The trial largely involved members of the Mancuso family, one of many clans that make up the \u2019Ndrangheta, which controls the province of Vibo Valentia on the west coast of Calabria.<\/p>\n The alleged head of the clan, Luigi \u201cThe Supreme\u201d Mancuso, 69, was removed from the maxi-trial last year and is being tried separately.<\/p>\n Another 67 defendants in the original indictment opted for a fast-track trial and have already been sentenced.<\/p>\n While it will by no means mean the death of the \u2019Ndrangheta, it was nevertheless significant, experts said.<\/p>\n \u201cThe trial was very important because it gives a strong message that the state is willing to combat the \u2019Ndrangheta,\u201d said Antonio Nicaso, a mafia expert and author whose books include The Secret History of the \u2019Ndrangheta<\/em>.<\/p>\n Much of the evidence came from \u201cpentiti\u201d, the sons and daughters of mafia dons who decided to turn against their families and collaborate with the authorities, despite knowing that such betrayal puts them under a death sentence from relatives.<\/p>\n \u201cThis had never happened before in Calabria,\u201d Nicaso said. \u201cThere were six or seven adult children of mafiosi who decided to collaborate. This is totally new.\u201d<\/p>\n Until now, the \u2019Ndrangheta has been hard to penetrate because of its reliance on blood bonds and family connections to maintain a system of omert\u00e0 or code of silence, he said.<\/p>\n \u201cThe fact that this has happened will weaken the image and reputation of the \u2019Ndrangheta. They would do anything to defend their criminal \u2018brand\u2019.\u201d<\/p>\n Emanuele Mancuso was key to the case: breaking the code of silence and informing on his family.<\/span>Credit: <\/span> <\/cite><\/p>\n One of the most important turncoats was Luigi Mancuso\u2019s nephew, Emanuele Mancuso.<\/p>\n He told investigators he decided to do the unthinkable \u2013 inform on his family \u2013 after his girlfriend became pregnant.<\/p>\n He did not want his first child to grow up in the atmosphere of fear and criminality in which he had been raised. He now lives under state protection in a secret location.<\/p>\n \u201cThere were many pentiti who decided to collaborate with the state,\u201d said Giuseppe Borrello from the anti-mafia organisation Libera.<\/p>\n \u201cThe \u2019Ndrangheta has always been renowned as one of the strongest criminal organisations because there were so few collaborators with the judicial authorities. This trial was an important outcome.\u201d<\/p>\n The \u2019Ndrangheta has spread far beyond its Calabrian roots and now has interests across the world, from Canada and South America to Australia.<\/p>\n It is believed to have an annual income of about \u20ac50 billion ($83.4 billion), much of which is made from the cocaine trade and is said to control about 80 per cent of the cocaine trafficking business in Europe.<\/p>\n The profits from the drug trade are invested in legitimate businesses such as supermarkets, hotels, restaurants, food markets and car dealerships.<\/p>\n It is considered to have eclipsed Italy\u2019s two other principal mafias \u2013 Cosa Nostra in Sicily and the Camorra of Naples.<\/p>\n It is also renowned for its brutality \u2013 a businesswoman from Calabria was reportedly murdered and fed to pigs in 2016 after refusing to sell her land to a man with \u2019Ndrangheta connections.<\/p>\n Experts say the \u2019Ndrangheta\u2019s stranglehold on Calabria is explained in part by the chronic lack of economic development and neglect of the region, which forms the toe of the Italian boot.<\/p>\n A view of the bunker specially constructed for the mafia trial.<\/span>Credit: <\/span>AP<\/cite><\/p>\n The rate of unemployment among young people is 27 per cent, the highest of Italy\u2019s 20 regions and worse than other deprived areas such as Campania, Sicily and Puglia.<\/p>\n A confidential briefing paper by the American embassy in Rome, which was leaked through WikiLeaks in 2011, declared: \u201cIf it were not part of Italy, Calabria would be a failed state.\u201d<\/p>\n American diplomats said the region was blighted by \u201cineffective\u201d politicians, an acute lack of resources and an almost non-existent civil society.<\/p>\n \u201cMuch of the region\u2019s industry collapsed over a decade ago, leaving environmental and economic ruin,\u201d the report said.<\/p>\n The diplomats said that Calabria was \u201cbeset by seemingly intractable problems\u201d and that in one province in particular, \u201corganised crime seems to control almost every facet of society\u201d.<\/p>\n Mafia organisations like the \u2019Ndrangheta operate like a parallel state.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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